Cultural Models and Cultural Dimensions - 3128 Words

Cultural Models and Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede) Cultural studies are not a unified theory but a diverse field of study encompassing many different approaches, methods and academic perspectives. As in any academic discipline, cultural studies academics frequently debate among themselves. Cross-cultural communication, as in many scholarly fields, is a combination of many other fields. These fields include anthropology, cultural studies, psychology and communication. There exists no uniform evaluation system or model of cultural aspects to date. However, the variety of the available models much more illustrates how multifaceted the approach can be. Nevertheless, there are some common dimensions for the most cultural models such as concept†¦show more content†¦The complete description of the cultural dimensions can be found on the website (Hofstede, 2011). The four main dimensions according to Hofstede are: †¢ Power Distance Index (PDI): the extent to which the less powe rful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Individualism (IDV): the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. †¢ †¢ Masculinity (MAS): refers to the distribution of roles and values between the genders. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men s values and women s values. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI): a society s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. †¢ Based on the values for these dimensions of the 19 European countries for which cultural dimension scores are available, an average European score was calculated. After a comparison between Europe, India and Brazil based on the official study data from Hofstede the research for metropolitan areas of Sà £o Paulo and Delhi which was done for this particular project by the local partners using the questionnaire of Hofstede is being presented. On the basis of its results the project partners awareness of the cultural differences andShow MoreRelatedThe Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Model2381 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelop a strategy that will enable him/her to embrace strong and professional relationships with each and every person within the organization regardless of their differences. It is the intention of this paper to explore Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model and to determine how interpersonal relationships with a coworker, who happens to be a native of Japan, can either be positively or adversely affected. Research and Understand Japanese Business Culture When developing relationships with coworkersRead MoreHofstede s Cultural Dimensions Model Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesHofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model is the outline for international communication. It is referenced so that it is made easy for different cultures across the globe to communicate with one another. The model explains the different cultures and everything within it. It clarifies the values of the different people in that certain culture and it demonstrates the morals of these people and how it affects them living their lives in that culture. The four major components of Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsRead MoreHofstede s Model Of Cultural Dimensions2162 Words   |  9 PagesWhile trying to recognise how an association ought to be organised globally, significant research has been directed to recognise different social measurements. Hofstede’s model of cultural dimensions has turned into the most generally acknowledged and oftentimes referred to demonstrate for diverse research. In any case, the model accepts comparable reactions from all people inside a society and does not represent distinct contrasts. The findings from this study discovered critical intracultural differencesRead MoreHofstede s Four Cultural Dimensions With Fons Trompenaars Models1560 Words   |  7 PagesA) Compare and contrast Geert Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions with Fons Trompenaars models. Geert Hofstede four cultural dimension are as below mentioned: Power Distance Index (PDI): The principle issue here is the means by which a general public handles disparities among individuals. Power Distance is the degree to which the least capable individuals from associations and establishments (like the family) acknowledge and it is the extent to which power is to be expected that it is dispersedRead MoreAn Analysis of Management and Leadership Strategies Using the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model616 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Management a Leadership Strategies Using the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model Introduction The Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model is invaluable in evaluating the variations in cultural values across 93 different nations Dr. Hofstede profiled throughout his research efforts over the last three decades. Many corporations rely on this model for planning their globalization strategies, specifically looking at how best to align managers and leaders with specific attributes to nationsRead MoreUsing Geert Hofstede s Six National Cultural Dimensions Model Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pageshow they compare/contrast to those of Westerners to foster a successful business venture. This can be accomplished by using Geert Hofstede’s six national cultural dimensions model and comparing the power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty, pragmatism, and indulgence to those of Western cultures. The first dimension in the model, power distance, is very high in India; meaning, the members of society have a very strong appreciation for hierarchy and a top-down structure in soc iety andRead MoreUnderstanding Cultural Dimension : Strategy For Globalization Business1596 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding Cultural Dimension: Strategy for Globalisation Business The maritime industry is a kind of vast business, which usually develop into multinational business. This business will involve many people from other countries. Since, the ship moves from one to another country, communicating with people from another country with different cultures is inevitable. Culture was defined by anthropologist as learning and sharing concept, value and belief or can be said as an adaptable systemRead MoreCultural Constraints in Management by G. Hofstede904 Words   |  4 PagesA Critical Review of Hofstede, G. 1993, Cultural Constraints in Management Theories, The Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. There have been many research and studies on the national cultures and its consequences on management theories by numerous researchers. Of those many, ‘Cultural constraints on management theories,’ by Hofstede (1993) is one that has been talked about by most scholars. He strongly claimed that management is a function of culture and that culture influences the way managersRead MoreThe Roles of Culture, Subculture, and Social Class in Consumer Behavior1215 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen highly effective in marketing, selling and service look to new nations to continue growing sales and profits. The roles of culture, subcultures and social classes serve as the framework for gaining new access into foreign markets. The effect of cultural distances in the areas of cultures, subcultures and social classes has also led all companies to become more agile and market-driven versus being locked into their own processes and procedures (Moon, Park, 18). Global expansion ahs forced compan iesRead MoreThe Marketing Segment Of The Discipline1746 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Distance is presumably measured by â€Å"the extent to which different cultures are similar or different† (Shenkar, 2001). This construct is now widely used and applied to most business organisation disciplines, such as, management, finance, marketing, and accounting. However, to better explain the impact on global marketing operations, this essay will focus on the marketing segment of the discipline. The study of cultural distance has been used to innovate and transform organisations into foreign

The Shannons Diversity Index For South Plots Of Aspen...

Results: The variables that we examined were the mean proportion of the qualitative categories in 2012 vs. 2015, the Shannon’s diversity index for 2012 vs. 2015 for south plots and that of Aspen plots control vs. treatment. These variables were each represented in one of my graphs. The graph in Figure 1 was a histogram which depicted the mean proportion among all 2015 plots for each designated category. The graph compared the qualitative category of ground cover type with the quantitative discrete variable calculated by averaging the proportional frequency of each category among all the south plots. Figure 1 Figure 2The graph in Figure 2 was a histogram which depicted the same variables, but only for the south treatment plots from 2012.†¦show more content†¦The graph in Figure 3 was a bar graph which depicted the mean diversity index for 2012 and 2015 south treatment plots. The graph compared the qualitative variable of year with the quantitative continuous variable calculated by the Shannon’s Diversity index. Figure 3 These results were not very significant as the number of indices recorded was 3 and 3 for group 2012 and 2015 respectively. Consequently, the graph ended up having enormous error bars, which only further indicated that we cannot conclude much from this graph even though the treatment group seemed to have a higher diversity index. In real ecosystems the Shannon’s diversity index often averages between 1.5 and 3.5. Our index was lower even though the ground cover seems fairly diverse as it is not uniformly diverse. This decrease the diversity index as the index fluctuated based diversity and the uniformness of the diversity. Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 4 showed a histogram of the Shannon’s Diversity Indies of the south treatments in both years. The distribution was almost uniform, other than a mode of 2 between .60 and .8. The distribution of the histogram highlighted the lack of data as all, but one of the frequencies was 1. This was also exemplified in Figure 3 by large error bars. The graph in Figure 5 was a bar graph which depicted the mean diversity index for both Aspen treatment and control plots. The graph compared the

Practicing the Democracy in the Philippines Free Essays

How does People Power became a bad habit? How does Edsa 3 fail? Where does President Marcos fall short when there are many people tell that he was a good leader in terms of economic development? Was he corrupt? Why Benigno Aquino focuses on â€Å"assassination† on his interviews? Why was Benigno Aquino be the first to get off to the airplane? Why there was no bodyguard to take care of him? Did Ninoy know that he will soon die? Was it sacrifice? Why does he need to do that so? When people don’t like the operation of the government, they just go out to the office and shout. Rebellion against the government is what will happen. This is what we call People Power. We will write a custom essay sample on Practicing the Democracy in the Philippines or any similar topic only for you Order Now When thousands and even millions of people grouped together to commit one common goal – a big changes can happen, Changes in the government, administration, community and also â€Å"position†. All can change but not the attitude of every Filipino. Honestly, For me, We Filipino are lazy, We only think is ourselves. We don’t know how to cooperate with the leaders. We don’t give our trust. Instead, We are â€Å"Juan Tamad† waiting for the guava fell from the hand of our leader. We don’t know how to work for ourselves. We always want help from the government and that is what the government is offering to us but we don’t give any help in return. Why do we always put our anger to the president? The president could not monitor each one of us that is why we have a respected leader in our respected place. We can be a leader in ourselves. All we need is discipline and the word of God to govern us. While I was walking in gastambide Street last night, I saw some student throwing garbage in the street. I felt madness. Our leader will not go there to pick it up and put it to the garbage can for them. Laziness. I heard the one said, â€Å"sus! May magwawalis naman jan. † I got angry, but I can’t speak. Don’t they have discipline? Don’t they have an ethics class? Do they know about ethics? Yes, they have freedom to throw it there but they must not forget that there is a rule. Democracy was granted to us with the help of the Aquinos but we must not forget our responsibility. A â€Å"lack of help† turns to anger, making people march out to Edsa. Laziness. Let us differentiate Filipino from Chinese. The answer is already there. Poor become more poorer and richer become more richer. We Filipino give so much dependence to the government where in fact, we can do it alone and share it with others. All because of laziness. This attitude makes People Power a bad habit. It’s like saying, â€Å"Ang gusto ko ibigay mo, kung hindi paalisin ka namin dyan sa pwesto mo. † It is saddening to note that it is a wrong practice of democracy. People Power is not Rebellion and not even rally. Nowadays, It is used to commit power and it is so sad. While doing this report, a news in a television got my attention. It was about the killing of the journalists. They were asking, where is democracy? I look for the meaning in my dictionary, it says,†Democracy is a form of government by the people through elected representatives. † A certain site from the Internet says â€Å"Democracy is a political government either carried out by the people (direct democracy), or the power to govern is granted to elected representatives†. Simply for me, it means freedom, the power is for people. Now, I understand. Former President Ferdinand Marcos took his responsibility carefully. He was an intelligent man. He knows how to speak to the different kinds of people in the society from elite to the poor. He had many plan to put this country to the top. But this plan turned him to a greedy one. But what was the problem? FM forgot about democracy. He forgot to appreciate the capabilities of others to lead and instead he depended on his own knowledge and skills. He forgot the rights of the people and instead he became a dictator. That was a big problem for a country that practices democracy. Even the right to vote – the simplest form to practice democracy in this country was taken. Because of that, A brave man named â€Å"Ninoy Aquino† decided to make change. This man sacrifices his self to open the eyes of every Filipino to fight for their rights. He said that â€Å"Filipino is worth dying for†. A dramatic quote which make me feel proud of being a Filipino. Why wonder I typed â€Å"I am proud of being a Filipino† in my friendster, facebook and multiply account. Every Filipino knows what â€Å"L† signs mean, Yellow Ribbon, Ninoy eyeglasses, yellow shirt. I hope that these are not only a trend to Filipino Fashion but rather I hope that every Filipino will use it to hold and to preserve the good things that Ninoy and Cory did. I am not forcing everyone to vote for Noynoy but I am hoping that if Noynoy wins, Nonoy will do the same to promote democracy for I believe Like father, like son. He grew up to the family who fights for democracy and I am hoping he will do the same. Looking back to the Edsa People Power days, I was really amazed to see millions of people fight for freedom. I am wishing that millions of people will work also for the benefit of our country and I hope our leaders will cooperate. It is so dramatic to watch the part where people and the soldier joined together. I Thanked God for having Cory and Ninoy for our country. If only I was born back then, I will also march up to Edsa to fight for democracy. There is a feeling of patriotism in me while watching that documentary. I really appreciate what Ninoy, Cory and the rest did. God granted democracy to us with the help of these people. We have to use it wisely. We must practice it rightly and we must not forget our duty and responsibility. We must not forget the people behind this movement. From Rizal to Ninoy to Cory and to the future hero. Let us not forget what democracy means hoping to preserve these people and Edsa not only to a page in history books but also within our hearts and warriors will lead that. How to cite Practicing the Democracy in the Philippines, Essay examples

Autonomy Vs. Paternalism In Mental Health Treatment Essay Example For Students

Autonomy Vs. Paternalism In Mental Health Treatment Essay Autonomy Vs. Paternalism In Mental Health Treatment Essay The assignment for this Ethics class was to review Mr. Jacobs treatment, as described by the New York State Commission on Quality of Care for the Mentally disabled (1994). The class was further asked to comment on the major issues for each of the three perspectives. The agencies, family and review board were to be included. This student will begin with a fourth perspective; that of Mr. Gordon. In the Matter of Jacob Gordon (1994), is the story of the last eight years of a psychiatrically disabled mans life. Mr. Gordon appeared to vacillate between striving for autonomy and accepting the support of his family. Unfortunately, it appeared by this account that the families support was not synonymous with autonomy. It did not appear that Mr. Gordon had ever desired or sought agency intervention for himself. Mr. Gordons association with the mental health system appeared to be marked by power and control issues. Consumers/ex-patients often report a feeling of invisibility; they sense that their views and desires do not matter (Carling, 1995, p.79 ). The commissions report (1995) spoke of several incidences where Mr. Gordon eluded to his desire for autonomy. Mr. Gordon did not wish to live in a supervised setting. Mr. Gordon did not wish to attend group day treatment settings. Mr. Gordon did not wish to use medication in the treatment of his mental health disorder. Without medication his behavior was deemed unacceptable and did not permit him the opportunity to have any of these choices. Choice is a right-not a privilege to be afforded by good behavior (Penny, 1994, p. 29). Mr. Gordons right of choice was limited even though he lived in his apartment independently. The condition of his apartment was scrutinized. His medication was closely monitored; sometimes to the degree that he was directed to leave his home to receive medication that was given to him crushed, in an attempt to insure its ingestion. Even peoples liberties in a highly controlled board and care home may be scarcely greater than in a hospital ward (Rubenstien, 1994, p.54). In Mr. Gordons case even within the sanctity of his own home, his liberties were scarcely greater than in a hospital ward. Other than his autonomy the second issue for Mr. Gordon appears to be the need for safety and support. For this, Mr. Gordon turned to his family. The report (1994) points out that Mr. Gordon requested his mother be limited in her ability to access personal information. He continued to need her support and assistance although this met she continued to be overly involved in his life. It was his mother he turned to when he had problems with a roommate. It was his mother who was utilized when Mr. Gordon was less compliant. It was Mr. Gordons family who assured that he had continued mental health counseling and services. It was also Mr. Gordons family who appeared to be the focal point of any plans for Mr. Gordon. .. .expectations, soon to be dashed by programs more devoted to servicing neurotic families than people with schizophrenia (Rubenstien, 1994, p.55). Mr. Gordon remained safe and close to his family by relinquishing his autonomy. Mr. Gordons safety was the most important issue for the family. Secondarily to his safety, Mr. Gordons family wished him to have the opportunity to participate in programming that would assist in his wellness. For Mr. Gordons family, wellness seemed to equate to a standard of behavior that his mother personally viewed as normal. The family were not bound to any code of ethics or compelled to understand their biases or prejudices in their sons case. Certainly, to say that the family operated on the premise of paternalism is an understatement. Ethically, the Gordons believed that they were the most justified to speak in the best interests of their son. The energy that the Gordons put into advocating for what they believed, was in their sons best interest, is a testimony to the depth of the feelings they had for their son. .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .postImageUrl , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:hover , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:visited , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:active { border:0!important; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:active , .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee68c630e2ac34f48ab2c399f77aac0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Bias in the courtroom Essay The agencies primary issues appeared to be their liability and responsibility. Looking at the commissions report and attached responses from agencies (1995), it appears as though all of the agencies and practitioners involved were overly respectful of the involvement of Mr. Gordons family. This over-involvement with Mr. Gordons mother was understandable when it was disclosed that she had complained to state officials, whenever agencies did not respond in a way that she believed to .